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- THE TREATY OF GREENVILLE:
-
-
- TREATY OF GREENVILLE
- WYANDOTS, DELAWARES, ETC.
-
- [concluded August 3, 1795]
-
- A treaty of peace between the United States of America,
- and the tribes of Indians called the Wyandots,
- Delawares, Shawanees, Ottawas, Chippewas, Pattawatimas,
- Miamis, Eel Rivers, Weas, Kickapoos, Piankeshaws, and
- Kaskaskias.
-
- To put an end to a destructive war, to settle all
- controversies, and to restore harmony and friendly
- intercourse between the said United States and Indian
- tribes, Anthony Wayne, major general commanding the
- army of the United States, and sole commissioner for
- the good purposes above mentioned, and the said tribes
- of Indians, by their sachems, chiefs, and warriors,
- met together at Greenville, the head quarters of the
- said army, have agreed on the following articles,
- which, when ratified by the President, with the
- advice and consent of the Senate of the United States,
- shall be binding on them and the said Indian tribes.
- Art. 1: Henceforth all hostilities shall cease;
- peace is hereby established, and shall be perpetual;
- and a friendly intercourse shall take place between the
- said United States and Indian tribes.
- Art. 2: All prisoners shall, on both sides, be
- restored. The Indians, prisoners to the United States,
- shall be immediately set at liberty. The people of the
- United States, still remaining prisoners among the
- Indians, shall be delivered up in ninety days from the
- date hereof, to the general or commanding officer at
- Greenville, fort Wayne, or fort Defiance; and ten
- chiefs of the said tribes shall remain at Greenville
- as hostages, until the delivery of the prisoners shall
- be effected.
- Art. 3: The general boundary line between the
- lands of the United States and the lands of the said
- Indian tribes, shall begin at the mouth of Cayahoga
- river, and run thence up the same to the portage,
- between that and the Tuscarawas branch of the
- Muskingum, thence down that branch to the crossing
- place above fort Lawrence, thence westerly to a fork
- of that branch of the Great Miami river, running into
- the Ohio, at or near which fork stood Loromie's store,
- and where commences the portage between the Miami of
- the Ohio, and St. Mary's river, which is a branch of
- the Miami which runs into lake Erie; thence a westerly
- course to fort Recovery, which stands on a branch of
- the Wabash; thence southwesterly in a direct line to
- the Ohio, so as to intersect that river opposite the
- mouth of Kentucke or Cuttawa river. And in
- consideration of the peace now established; of the
- goods formerly received from the United States; of
- those now to be delivered; and of the yearly delivery
- of goods now stipulated to be made hereafter; and to
- indemnify the United States for the injuries and
- expenses they have sustained during the war, the said
- Indian tribes do hereby cede and relinquish forever,
- all their claims to the lands lying eastwardly and
- southwardly of the general boundary line now described:
- and these lands, or any part of them, shall never
- hereafter be made a cause or pretence, on the part of
- the said tribes, or any of them, of war or injury to
- the United States, or any of the people thereof.
- And for the same considerations, and as an
- evidence of the returning friendship of the said Indian
- tribes, of their confidence in the United States, and
- desire to provide for their accommodations, and for
- that convenient intercourse which will be beneficial to
- both parties, the said Indian tribes do also cede to
- the United States the following pieces of land, to
- wit: 1) One piece of land six miles square, at or near
- Loromie's store, before mentioned. 2) One piece two
- miles square, at the head of the navigable water or
- landing, on the St. Mary's river, near Girty's town.
- 3) One piece six miles square, at the head of the
- navigable water of the Auglaize river. 4) One piece
- six miles square, at the confluence of the Auglaize
- and Miami rivers, where fort Defiance now stands.
- 5) One piece six miles square, at or near the
- confluence of the rivers St. Mary's and St. Joseph's,
- where fort Wayne now stands, or near it. 6) One piece
- two miles square, on the Wabash river, at the end of
- the portage from the Miami of the lake, and about
- eight miles westward from fort Wayne. 7) One piece
- six miles square, at the Ouatanon, or Old Wea towns,
- on the Wabash river. 8) One piece twelve miles square,
- at the British fort on the Miami of the lake, at the
- foot of the rapids. 9) One piece six miles square, at
- the mouth of the said river, where it empties into the
- lake. 10) One piece six miles square, upon Sandusky
- lake, where a fort formerly stood. 11) One piece two
- miles square, at the lower rapids of Sandusky river.
- 12) The post of Detroit, and all the land to the
- north, the west and the south of it, of which the
- Indian title has been extinguished by gifts or grants
- to the French or English governments: and so much more
- land to be annexed to the district of Detroit, as
- shall be comprehended between the river Rosine, on the
- south, lake St. Clair on the north, and a line, the
- general course whereof shall be six miles distant from
- the west end of lake Erie and Detroit river. 13) The
- post of Michilimackinac, and all the land on the island
- on which that post stands, and the main land adjacent,
- of which the Indian title has been extinguished by
- gifts or grants to the Frewnch or English governments;
- and a piece of land on the main to the north of the
- island, to measure six miles, on lake Huron, or the
- strait between lakes Huron and Michigan, and to extend
- three miles back from the water of the lake or strait;
- and also, the Island De Bois Blane, being an extra and
- voluntary gift of the Chippewa nation. 14) One piece
- of land six miles square, at the mouth of Chikago
- river, emptying into the southwest end of lake
- Michigan, where a fort formerly stood. 15) One piece
- twelve miles square, at or near the mouth of the
- Illinois river, emptying into the Mississippi. 16) One
- piece six miles square, at the old Piorias fort and
- village near the south end of the Illinois lake, on
- said Illinois river. And whenever the United States
- shall think proper to survey and mark the boundaries
- of the lands hereby ceded to them, they shall give
- timely notice thereof to the said tribes of Indians,
- that they may appoint some of their wise chiefs to
- attend and see that the lines are run according to the
- terms of this treaty.
- And the said Indian tribes will allow to the
- people of the United States a free passage by land and
- by water, as one and the other shall be found
- convenient, through their country, along the chain of
- posts hereinbefore mentioned; that is to say, from the
- commencement of the portage aforesaid, at or near
- Loromie's store, thence along said portage to the St.
- Mary's, and down the same to fort Wayne, and then down
- the Miami, to lake Erie; again, from the commencement
- of the portage at or near Loromie's store along the
- portage from thence to the river Auglaize, and down the
- same to its junction with the Miami at fort Defiance;
- again, from the commencement of the portage aforesaid,
- to Sandusky river, and down the same to Sandusky bay
- and lake Erie, and from Sandusky to the post which
- shall be taken at or near the foot of the Rapids of
- the Miami of the lake; and from thence to Detroit.
- Again, from the mouth of Chikago, to the commencement
- of the portage, between that river and the Illinois,
- and down the Illinois river to the Mississippi; also,
- from fort Wayne, along the portage aforesaid, which
- leads to the Wabash, and then down the Wabash to the
- Ohio. And the said Indian tribes will also allow to
- the people of the United States, the free use of the
- harbors and mouths of rivers along the lakes adjoining
- the Indian lands, for sheltering vessels and boats,
- and liberty to land their cargoes where necessary for
- their safety.
- Art. 4: In consideration of the peace now
- established, and of the cessions and relinquishments
- of lands made in the preceding article by the said
- tribes of Indians, and to manifest the liberality of
- the United States, as the great means of rendering
- this peace strong and perpetual, the United States
- relinquish their claims to all other Indian lands
- northward of the river Ohio, eastward of the
- Mississippi, and westward and southward of the Great
- Lakes and the waters, uniting them, according to the
- boundary line agreed on by the United States and the
- King of Great Britain, in the treaty of peace made
- between them in the year 1783. But from this
- relinquishment by the United States, the following
- tracts of land are explicitly excepted:
- 1st. The tract on one hundred and fifty thousand
- acres near the rapids of the river Ohio, which has been
- assigned to General Clark, for the use of himself and
- his warriors.
- 2nd. The post of St. Vincennes, on the River
- Wabash, and the lands adjacent, of which the Indian
- title has been extinguished.
- 3rd. The lands at all other places in possession
- of the French people and other white settlers among
- them, of which the Indian title has been extinguished
- as mentioned in the 3d article; and
- 4th. The post of fort Massac towards the mouth of
- the Ohio. To which several parcels of land so
- excepted, the said tribes relinquish all the title and
- claim which they or any of them may have.
- And for the same considerations and with the same
- views as above mentioned, the United States now deliver
- to the said Indian tribes a quantity of goods to the
- value of twenty thousand dollars, the receipt whereof
- they do hereby acknowledge; and henceforward every
- year, forever, the United States will deliver, at
- some convenient place northward of the river Ohio,
- like useful goods, suited to the circumstances of the
- Indians, of the value of nine thousand five hundred
- dollars; reckoning that value at the first cost of the
- goods in the city or place in the United States where
- they shall be procured. The tribes to which those
- goods are to be annually delivered, and the proportions
- in which they are to be delivered, are the following:
- 1st. To the Wyandots, the amount of one thousand
- dollars.
- 2nd. To the Delawares, the amount of one thousand
- dollars.
- 3rd. To the Shawanees, the amount of one thousand
- dollars.
- 4th. To the Miamis, the amount of one thousand
- dollars.
- 5th. To the Ottawas, the amount of one thousand
- dollars.
- 6th. To the Chippewas, the amount of one thousand
- dollars.
- 7th. To the Pattawatimas, the amount of one
- thousand dollars, and
- 8th. To the Kickapoo, Wea, Eel River, Piankeshaw,
- and Kaskaskia tribes, the amount of five hundred
- dollars each.
- Provided, that if either of the said tribes shall
- hereafter, at an annual delivery of their share of the
- goods aforesaid, desire that a part of their annuity
- should be furnished in domestic animals, implements of
- husbandry, and other utensils convenient for them, and
- in compensation to useful artificers who may reside
- with or near them, and be employed for their benefit,
- the same shall, at the subsequent annual deliveries,
- be furnished accordingly.
- Art. 5: To prevent any misunderstanding about the
- Indian lands relinquished by the United States in the
- fourth article, it is now explicitly declared, that
- the meaning of that relinquishment is this: the Indian
- tribes who have a right to those lands, are quietly to
- enjoy them, hunting, planting, and dwelling thereon,
- so long as they please, without any molestation from
- the United States; but when those tribes, or any of
- them, shall be disposed to sell their lands, or any
- part of them, they are to be sold only to the United
- States; and until such sale, the United States will
- protect all the said Indian tribes in the quiet
- enjoyment of their lands against all citizens of the
- United States, and against all other white persons who
- intrude upon the same. And the said Indian tribes
- again acknowledge themselves to be under the protection
- of the said United States, and no other power whatever.
- Art. 6: If any citizen of the United States, or
- any other white person or persons, shall presume to
- settle upon the lands now relinquished by the United
- States, such citizen or other person shall be out of
- the protection of the United States; and the Indian
- tribe, on whose land the settlement shall be made, may
- drive off the settler, or punish him in such manner as
- they shall think fit; and because such settlements,
- made without the consent of the United States, will be
- injurious to them as well as to the Indians, the United
- States shall be at liberty to break them up, and remove
- and punish the settlers as they shall think proper, and
- so effect that protection of the Indian lands herein
- before stipulated.
- Art. 7: The said tribes of Indians, parties to
- this treaty, shall be at liberty to hunt within the
- territory and lands which they have now ceded to the
- United States, without hindrance or molestation, so
- long as they demean themselves peaceably, and offer
- no injury to the people of the United States.
- Art. 8: Trade shall be opened with the said Indian
- tribes; and they do hereby respectively engage to afford
- protection to such persons, with their property, as
- shall be duly licensed to reside among them for the
- purpose of trade; and to their agents and servants;
- but no person shall be permitted to reside among them
- for the purpose of trade; and to their agents and
- servants; but no person shall be permitted to reside at
- any of their towns or hunting camps, as a trader, who
- is not furnished with a license for that purpose, under
- the hand and seal of the superintendent of the
- department northwest of the Ohio, or such other person
- as the President of the United States shall authorize
- to grant such licenses; to the end, that the said
- Indians may not be imposed on in their trade.* And if
- any licensed trader shall abuse his privilege by unfair
- dealing, upon complaint and proof thereof, his license
- shall be taken from him, and he shall be further
- punished according to the laws of the United States.
- And if any person shall intrude himself as a trader,
- without such license, the said Indians shall take and
- bring him before the superintendent, or his deputy, to
- be dealt with according to law. And to prevent
- impositions by forged licenses, the said Indians shall,
- at lease once a year, give information to the
- superintendent, or his deputies, on the names of the
- traders residing among them.
- Art. 9: Lest the firm peace and friendship now
- established, should be interrupted by the misconduct
- of individuals, the United States, and the said Indian
- tribes agree, that for injuries done by individuals on
- either side, no private revenge or retaliation shall
- take place; but instead thereof, complaint shall be
- made by the party injured, to the other: by the said
- Indian tribes or any of them, to the President of the
- United States, or the superintendent by him appointed;
- and by the superintendent or other person appointed by
- the President, to the principal chiefs of the said
- Indian tribes, or of the tribe to which the offender
- belongs; and such prudent measures shall then be
- taken as shall be necessary to preserve the said
- peace and friendship unbroken, until the legislature
- (or great council) of the United States, shall make
- other equitable provision in the case, to the
- satisfaction of both parties. Should any Indian tribes
- meditate a war against the United States, or either of
- them, and the same shall come to the knowledge of the
- before mentioned tribes, or either of them, they do
- hereby engage to give immediate notice thereof to the
- general, or officer commanding the troops of the
- United States, at the nearest post.
-
- *See, in relation to this licensed trade, the
- "first explanatory article" of the treaty of
- amity, commerce, and navigation, between the
- United States and Great Britain, of the 19th of
- November, 1974.
-
- And should any tribe, with hostile intentions against
- the United States, or either of them, attempt to pass
- through their country, they will endeavor to prevent
- the same, and in like manner give information of
- such attempt, to the general, or officer commanding,
- as soon as possible, that all causes of mistrust and
- suspicion may be avoided between them and the United
- States. In like manner, the United States shall give
- notice to the said Indian tribes of any harm that may
- be meditated against them, or either of them, that
- shall come to their knowledge; and do all in their
- power to hinder and prevent the same, that the
- friendship between them may be uninterrupted.
- Art. 10: All other treaties heretofore made
- between the United States, and the said Indian tribes,
- or any of them, since the treaty of 1783, between the
- United States and Great Britain, that come within the
- purview of this treaty, shall henceforth cease and
- become void.
- In testimony whereof, the said Anthony Wayne, and
- the sachems and war chiefs of the before mentioned
- nations and tribes of Indians, have hereunto set their
- hands and affixed their seals.
- Done at Greenville, in the territory of the
- United States northwest of the river Ohio, on the third
- day of August, one thousand seven hundred and ninety
- five.
-
- WYANDOTS.
-
- Tarhe, or Crane, his x mark L.S.
- J. Williams, jun. his x mark, L.S.
- Teyyaghtaw, his x mark, L.S.
- Haroenyou, or half king's son, his x mark, L.S.
- Tehaawtorens, his x mark, L.S.
- Awmeyeeray, his x mark, L.S.
- Stayetah, his x mark L.S.
- Shateyyaronyah, or Leather Lips, his x mark, L.S.
- Daughshuttayah, his x mark L.S.
- Shaawrunthe, his x mark L.S.
-
- DELAWARES.
-
- Tetabokshke, or Grand Glaize King, his x mark, L.S.
- Lemantanquis, or Black King, his x mark, L.S.
- Wabatthoe, his x mark, L.S.
- Maghpiway, or Red Feather, his x mark, L.S.
- Kikthawenund, or Anderson, his x mark, L.S.
- Bukongehelas, his x mark, L.S.
- Peekeelund, his x mark, L.S.
- Wellebawkeelund, his x mark, L.S.
- Peekeetelemund, or Thomas Adams, his x mark, L.S.
- Kishkopekund, or Captain Buffalo, his x mark, L.S.
- Amenahehan, or Captain Crow, his x mark, L.S.
- Queshawksey, or George Washington, his x mark, L.S.
- Weywinquis, or Billy Siscomb, his x mark, L.S.
- Moses, his x mark, L.S.
-
- SHAWANEES.
-
- Misquacoonacaw, or Red Pole, his x mark, L.S.
- Cutthewekasaw, or Black Hoof, his x mark, L.S.
- Kaysewaesekah, his x mark, L.S.
- Weythapamattha, his x mark, L.S.
- Nianysmeka, his x mark, L.S.
- Waytheah, or Long Shanks, his x mark, L.S.
- Weyapiersenwaw, or Blue Jacket, his x mark, L.S.
- Nequetaughaw, his x mark, L.S.
- Hahgoosekaw, or Captain Reed, his x mark, L.S.
-
- OTTAWAS.
-
- Augooshaway, his x mark, L.S.
- Keenoshameek, his x mark, L.S.
- La Malice, his x mark, L.S.
- Machiwetah, his x mark, L.S.
- Thowonawa, his x mark, L.S.
- Secaw, his x mark, L.S.
-
- CHIPPEWAS.
-
- Mashipinashiwish, or Bad Bird, his x mark, L.S.
- Nahshogashe, (from Lake Superior), his x mark, L.S.
- Kathawasung, his x mark, L.S.
- Masass, his x mark, L.S.
- Nemekass, or Little Thunder, his x mark, L.S.
- Peshawkay, or Young Ox, his x mark, L.S.
- Nanguey, his x mark, L.S.
- Meenedohgeesogh, his x mark, L.S.
- Peewanshemenogh, his x mark, L.S.
- Weymegwas, his x mark, L.S.
- Gobmaatick, his x mark, L.S.
-
- OTTAWA.
-
- Chegonickska, an Ottawa from Sandusky,
- his x mark, L.S.
-
- PATTAWATIMAS OF THE RIVER ST. JOSEPH.
-
- Thupenebu, his x mark, L.S.
- Nawac, for himself and brother Etsimethe,
- his x mark, L.S.
- Nenanseka, his x mark, L.S.
- Keesass, or Run, his x mark, L.S.
- Kabamasaw, for himself and brother Chisaugan,
- his x mark, L.S.
- Sugganunk, his x mark, L.S.
- Wapmeme, or White Pigeon, his x mark, L.S.
- Wacheness, for himself and brother Pedagoshok,
- his x mark, L.S.
- Wabshicawnaw, his x mark, L.S.
- La Chasse, his x mark, L.S.
- Meshegethenogh, for himself and brother,
- Wawasek, his x mark, L.S.
- Hingoswash, his x mark, L.S.
- Anewasaw, his x mark, L.S.
- Nawbudgh, his x mark, L.S.
- Missenogomaw, his x mark, L.S.
- Waweegshe, his x mark, L.S.
- Thawme, or Le Blanc, his x mark, L.S.
- Geeque, for himself and brother Shewinse,
- his x mark, L.S.
-
- PATTAWATIMAS OF HURON.
-
- Okia, his x mark, L.S.
- Chamung, his x mark, L.S.
- Segagewan, his x mark, L.S.
- Nanawme, for himself and brother A. Gin,
- his x mark, L.S.
- Marchand, his x mark, L.S.
- Wenameac, his x mark, L.S.
-
- MIAMIS.
- Nagohquangogh, or Le Gris, his x mark, L.S.
- Meshekunnoghquoh, or Little Turtle,
- his x mark, L.S.
-
- MIAMIS AND EEL RIVERS.
-
- Peejeewa, or Richard Ville, his x mark, L.S.
- Cochkepoghtogh, his x mark, L.S.
-
- EEL RIVER TRIBE.
-
- Shamekunnesa, or Soldier, his x mark, L.S.
-
- MIAMIS.
-
- Wapamangwa, or the White Loon, his x mark, L.S.
-
- WEAS, FOR THEMSELVES AND THE PIANKESHAWS.
-
- Amacunsa, or Little Beaver, his x mark, L.S.
- Acoolatha, or Little Fox, his x mark, L.S.
- Francis, his x mark, L.S.
-
- KICKAPOOS AND KASKASKIAS.
-
- Keeawhah, his x mark, L.S.
- Nemighka, or Josey Renard, his x mark, L.S.
- Paikeekanogh, his x mark, L.S.
-
- DELAWARES OF SANDUSKY.
-
- Hawkinpumiska, his x mark, L.S.
- Peyamawksey, his x mark, L.S.
- Reyntueco, (of the Six Nations, living at
- Sandusky), his x mark, L.S.
-
- H. De Butts, first A.D.C. and Sec'ry to Major Gen.
- Wayne,
- Wm. H. Harrison, Aid de Camp to Major Gen. Wayne,
- T. Lewis, Aid de Camp to Major Gen. Wayne,
- James O'Hara, Quartermaster Gen'l.
- John Mills, Major of Infantry, and Adj. Gen'l.
- Caleb Swan, P.M.T.U.S.
- Gen. Demter, Lieut. Artillery,
- Vigo,
- P. Frs. La Fontaine,
- Ast. Lasselle, Sworn interpreters.
- H. Lasselle, Wm. Wells,
- Js. Beau Bien, Jacques Lasselle,
- David Jones, Chaplain U.S.S. M. Morins,
- Lewis Beaufait, Bt. Sans Crainte,
- R. Lachambre, Christopher Miller,
- Jas. Pepen, Robert Wilson,
- Baties Coutien, Abraham Williams,
- his x mark
- P. Navarre. Isaac Zane, his x mark
-
- ------------------------------------
-
- Prepared by Nancy Troutman (The Cleveland Free-Net - aa345)
- Distributed by the Cybercasting Services Division of the
- National Public Telecomputing Network (NPTN).
-
- Permission is hereby granted to download, reprint, and/or otherwise
- redistribute this file, provided appropriate point of origin
- credit is given to the preparer(s) and the National Public
- Telecomputing Network.
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